Activity Overview
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. T2DM is the predominant type of diabetes mellitus affecting 90% to 95% of the diabetic population. According to 2007 prevalence data estimates released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, diabetes affects nearly 24 million people in the United States, an increase of more than 3 million in approximately 2 years. This equates to approximately 8% of the US population having to cope with diabetes.

In response to the rapid increase in T2DM, the medical and scientific community is relentlessly trying to unveil the pathophysiology and mechanisms behind diabetes in order to find a cure. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of clinical trials in T2DM, which parallels a significant growth in new clinical data and potential treatment options. In order to provide the best clinical service and make the best informed decisions for patients affected by this disease, clinicians treating patients with T2DM need to be updated on the latest clinical evidence, approaches, and treatment options. This activity, which includes summaries of selected abstracts presented at the Endocrine Society Annual Meeting and the American Diabetes Association 69th Scientific Sessions, will discuss the clinical implications of this new research, providing an emphasis on the effectiveness and safety of incretin therapy, research examining the effects of antidiabetic therapy on lipid profiles and adipocyte development, and emerging risk factors for T2DM and cardiovascular disease.

Goal
To provide healthcare professionals with up-to-date information on the treatment and management of patients with T2DM.

Intended Audience
This activity is designed for healthcare professionals who are actively involved in the treatment and management of T2DM. No prerequisites required.

Learning Objectives
After reading this issue, participants should be able to:

• Discuss the results of clinical studies presented at the 2009 American Diabetes Association 69th Scientific Sessions and Endocrine Society Annual Meeting that examined the effectiveness and safety of incretin therapy for T2DM.
• Describe research that has examined the effects of antidiabetic therapy on lipid profiles and adipocyte development.
• Identify emerging risk factors for T2DM and cardiovascular disease.

CE Information
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine designates this educational activity for 1.0 Contact Hours.

After reviewing this online activity, participants may receive a certificate of completion by filling out the course evaluation and successfully completing the CEU test.

Release date: October 30, 2009. Expiration date: October 30, 2011.

The estimated time to complete this activity: 1 hour.

Activity Format
Web-based summaries of abstracts from the Endocrine Society Annual Meeting and the American Diabetes Association 69th Scientific Sessions that discuss the clinical implications of this new research.

Full Disclosure Policy Affecting CE Activities
As a provider accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), it is the policy of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to require the disclosure of the existence of any significant financial interest or any other relationship a faculty member or a sponsor has with the manufacturer(s) of any commercial product(s) discussed in an educational presentation. The Course Director reported the following:

Sherita Hill Golden, MD, MHS, FAHA (Course Director)
Associate Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Director, Inpatient Diabetes Management Service Chairperson
Johns Hopkins Hospital Glucose Management Committee
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research
The John Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
Dr Golden reports serving as a consultant for Merck and Co, Inc.

Off-Label Product Discussion:
The Course Director has indicated that these articles will not include information on off-label products.

Disclaimer Statement
The opinions and recommendations expressed by faculty and other experts whose input is included in this activity are their own. This enduring material is produced for educational purposes only. Use of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine name implies review of educational format, design, and approach. Please review the complete prescribing information of specific drugs or combinations of drugs, including indications, contraindications, warnings, and adverse effects, before administering pharmacologic therapy to patients.

Internet CE Policy
The Office of Continuing Medical Education (CME) at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is committed to protect the privacy of its members and customers. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine CME maintains its Internet site as an information resource and service for physicians, other health professionals, and the public. Continuing Medical Education at The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine will keep your personal and credit information confidential when you participate in a CME Internet-based activity. Your information will never be given to anyone outside of The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine’s CME activity. CME collects only the information necessary to provide you with the services that you request.

Summaries

Monotherapy with Liraglutide, a Once-Daily Human GLP-1 Analog, Provides Sustained Reductions in A_1c, FPG, and Weight Compared with Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes: LEAD-3 Mono 2-Year Results

DURATION-2: Exenatide Once Weekly Demonstrated Superior Glycemic Control and Weight Reduction Compared to Sitagliptin or Pioglitazone After 26 Weeks of Treatment

Improvement in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in People with T2D Treated with Liraglutide or Glimepiride Monotherapy

Trajectories of Serum High-Sensitivity CRP Preceding Fatal CVD and Incident DM: The Whitehall II Study

Incretin Effects on Gene Expression During Adipogenesis

Vitamin D Deficiency Predicts Insulin Resistance and High Triglycerides Levels in Obese Children

To view the ENDO Sessions Library, click here.